Morse Code Reference Chart
A dot (·) is a short signal; a dash (−) is three times as long. Leave a 3-unit gap between letters and a 7-unit gap between words. (ITU-R M.1677-1.)
Letters
A.−
B−...
C−.−.
D−..
E.
F..−.
G−−.
H....
I..
J.−−−
K−.−
L.−..
M−−
N−.
O−−−
P.−−.
Q−−.−
R.−.
S...
T−
U..−
V...−
W.−−
X−..−
Y−.−−
Z−−..
Numbers
0−−−−−
1.−−−−
2..−−−
3...−−
4....−
5.....
6−....
7−−...
8−−−..
9−−−−.
Punctuation
period ..−.−.−
comma ,−−..−−
question ?..−−..
apostrophe '.−−−−.
exclam. !−.−.−−
slash /−..−.
paren ( (−.−−.
paren ) )−.−−.−
ampersand &.−...
colon :−−−...
semicolon ;−.−.−.
equals =−...−
The Mnemonic Alphabet
Say each phrase aloud with the stress shown: a stressed (CAPITAL) syllable is a dash, an unstressed one is a dot. The rhythm sticks faster than the dots and dashes themselves.
| Letter | Morse | Say it like… |
|---|---|---|
| A | .− | a-LOOOOONG |
| B | −... | BOOOOOM-ba-da-da |
| C | −.−. | COO-ca-COO-ca |
| D | −.. | DOH-ga-da |
| E | . | Eh |
| F | ..−. | did-i-DAH-dit |
| G | −−. | GOOD-GREEEEN-grass |
| H | .... | hippity-hop |
| I | .. | i-bid |
| J | .−−− | ja-MAI-CAA-AA |
| K | −.− | KOOOO-ka-KAAAA |
| L | .−.. | to LIIIIIVE for-eveh |
| M | −− | MOOOO-MOOOO |
| N | −. | NOOOO-now |
| O | −−− | OOO-LOOONG-HOOOOLE |
| P | .−−. | ah-POOO-LLOOO-gize |
| Q | −−.− | GOOOD-GOOLLY-Miss-MOOOLLY |
| R | .−. | ro-TAAA-tion |
| S | ... | si-si-si |
| T | − | TOOOOO |
| U | ..− | you-too-WOOOON |
| V | ...− | vic-tor-ee-AAAAA |
| W | .−− | the WOOORLD WAAAR |
| X | −..− | XX-ray-i-XXX |
| Y | −.−− | YOU-are-WROOONG-WROOONG |
| Z | −−.. | ZOOOO-ZOOOO-zip-zip |
Worksheet 1 — Read the Morse
Write the letter each Morse group stands for.
1...−.
2.−−.−
3.−.−
4.−...
5..−.
6.−.−−
7..−..
8....−
9.−−.
10.−.−.
11..−−.
12.−.
13.−..
14.−..−
15.−−..
16..−−
Worksheet 2 — Write the Morse
Write the Morse code (dots and dashes) for each letter.
1.A
2.E
3.T
4.M
5.S
6.O
7.U
8.H
9.I
10.J
11.K
12.Y
13.Q
14.V
15.G
16.P
Answer Keys
Worksheet 1 — Read the Morse
1...−. = F
2.−−.− = Q
3.−.− = K
4.−... = B
5..−. = R
6.−.−− = Y
7..−.. = L
8....− = V
9.−−. = G
10.−.−. = C
11..−−. = P
12.−. = N
13.−.. = D
14.−..− = X
15.−−.. = Z
16..−− = W
Worksheet 2 — Write the Morse
1.A = .−
2.E = .
3.T = −
4.M = −−
5.S = ...
6.O = −−−
7.U = ..−
8.H = ....
9.I = ..
10.J = .−−−
11.K = −.−
12.Y = −.−−
13.Q = −−.−
14.V = ...−
15.G = −−.
16.P = .−−.
Flashcards
Print, cut along the lines, and quiz yourself. Fold each card so the code hides behind the letter.
E.
S...
A.−
R.−.
N−.
T−
O−−−
I..
L.−..
C−.−.
D−..
Quick Guide for Parents, Teachers & Scouts
A 45-minute plan that gets an 8-year-old sending their initials in one sitting.
| Step | What to do |
|---|---|
| Hook (5 min) | Flash SOS (··· −−− ···) on a torch or buzzer. Ask what it means and why it's used. |
| Pattern not letter (10 min) | Teach only E (·), T (−), A (·−), N (−·). Have them write “TEA” = − · ·− in dots and dashes. |
| Mnemonics (10 min) | Hand out the mnemonic alphabet. Say S as “si-si-si”, O as “OOO-LOONG-HOOLE” until the rhythms stick. |
| Partner sending (15 min) | In pairs with a torch/buzzer + the chart, take turns sending 3-letter words while the partner copies. |
| Wrap-up (5 min) | Each learner sends their initials. Finish with a whole-group SOS. |
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